General Psychology: Exam 2 Study Guide

Chapter 7

What is consciousness?

Can we study it scientifically?

Sleeping Myths

Sleep – Characteristics, Stages, States, Need for, Patterns, Costs of sleep loss

Sleep Disturbances

Dreams  - why do we dream? Different theories about interpreting dreams

Questions from class Video (ones that you made up)

Chapter 8

What is learning?

What is reinforcement? What is response?

Classical Conditioning – Be able to identify NS, UCS, CS, UCR, CR in given scenario. Be able to come up with own scenario. Also define and offer examples of generalization, discrimination, extinction.

What is Garcia effect

Operant Conditioning – Be able to come up with examples of Positive and Negative Reinforcement, Type I and Type II Punishment, Definitions of Reinforcement and Punishment, General Ideas about how and when to use each

Know Schedules of Reinforcement and Examples of Each (FI, VI, FR, VR)

Bandura’s Model of Observational Learning – What does theory say about how we learn behavior? What do the scientific studies suggest?

Chapter 9

What is memory?

Definitions of Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, Chunking

Stages of Memory and Characteristics of Each (SM, STM, LTM)

What is elaborative rehearsal? What is maintenance rehearsal?

Definitions of Recall, Recognition

Levels of Processing and Example of each

How can one improve memory?

Chapter 14

Definition of personality

Traits versus Type

Characteristics of Type A and B personality

General Understanding of Personality Theories

Types of Personality Assessments